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Gérer la qualité du vivant : clef de voûte d’un nouveau contrat de société

1998



Dans cet article, l’auteur propose d’aborder les enjeux du développement des territoires et des équilibres de société avec un regard nouveau : celui d’une gestion du vivant réactualisée. C’est pourquoi l’enjeu n’est pas seulement agricole. Pour l’auteur, il s’agit de reconsidérer le contrat entre la société et son agriculture, et plus largement ses territoires ruraux et l’ensemble des acteurs concernés, vis-à-vis de cette gestion du vivant.




L’image de l’apprenti sorcier ne s’est probablement jamais appliquée avec autant de pertinence que vis-à-vis du comportement de la société occidentale à l’égard du monde vivant. Chaque jour, un événement nous rappelle que ce monde vivant est par définition soumis aux lois de la biologie qui régissent des systèmes fondamentalement complexes. En dehors même des problèmes éthiques (clonage, OGM, etc.), les questions de vache folle, de qualité des eaux, de sécurité en montagne liée à la dégradation et l’inexploitation des terrains, de sécurité nucléaire nous rappellent que l’homme ne peut impunément s’affranchir du complexe nature dont il fait partie intégrante. […]

Dans toutes les dimensions de son activité, l’homme est confronté à des problèmes de qualité du vivant que ce soit son alimentation, son cadre de vie, ses relations aux autres qui s’intègrent dans la problématique générale de la qualité des territoires en tant que simultanément supports de l’activité et milieu de vie des hommes.

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Le bien commun

1998



Dans cet encart, l’auteur dessine à grands traits sa conception du bien commun… et de sa gestion.




Au delà des actions liées à la propriété publique et privée, le maintien ou l’amélioration de la qualité de nombreux systèmes complexes et multi-acteurs requiert des actions mettant en jeu les relations des acteurs entre eux. Si les acteurs s’engagent volontairement pour organiser et gérer ces relations en vue de résoudre les problèmes de qualité, il y a alors prise en charge de ces problèmes qui deviennent « bien commun » ou « patrimoine commun ».

La gestion en bien commun apparaît souvent comme une condition déterminante de la qualité des systèmes complexes. Elle repose sur 1’échange, la communication et la négociation. Elle peut être spontanée lorsque la qualité à gérer est la survie du groupe.

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Une gestion en bien commun de leur milieu de vie par des hommes responsables, élément clef du retour à l’équilibre de notre société

1996



Dans cet article, l’auteur précise les principes et objectifs de l’action de Sol et Civilisation, tournée vers un rééquilibrage de la société qui se fonde sur un comportement nouveau des acteurs. L’objectif est bien de promouvoir un Homme actif et responsable et pour cela d’explorer de nouvelles méthodes et de nouveaux outils pour que l’Homme puisse être pleinement acteur de son propre développement. Deux exigences liées ensemble : la recherche-action!




Un rééquilibrage de la société exige un comportement nouveau des acteurs

Dans la vie des individus et des sociétés, comme en physique, le déséquilibre est souvent facteur de mouvement et à ce titre, peut procurer des effets positifs. Cependant, lorsqu’il affecte la société de manière excessive, il engendre des conséquences négatives, souvent cumulatives, qu’il devient difficile de surmonter.

Beaucoup d’indices conduisent à penser que notre société ne parvient plus, par les modes de raisonnement et les méthodes en vigueur, à juguler une évolution inexorable vers un démantèlement qui, après avoir frappé la société dans son organisation, atteint les individus dans leur comportement social.

S’il est de bon ton d’incriminer le mode d’organisation dominant actuel, qualifié de libéralisme et son corollaire la mondialisation permise par le progrès des techniques de communication et de transport, il faut considérer que ces deux phénomènes ne sont que des facteurs d’accélération d’un processus entamé de longue date.

Sol et Civilisation a en effet déjà exprimé l’idée qu’une des origines de cette situation est à rechercher dans la position devenue dominante du système urbano-industriel quant à son influence sur les modes d’organisation et de gestion de notre société.

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