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Place de la ruralité et de l’agriculture dans la société française

2010



Dans cet extrait du discours d’ouverture des 20èmes Assises de Sol et Civilisation, l’auteur propose un diagnostic des lignes de tension qui marquent la société française : l’érudit versus le citoyen, les responsabilités individuelles et collectives, l’homme consommateur et l’homme acteur… Il invite à trouver de nouvelles relations en phase avec la recherche de sens de bien vivre qui caractérise une société de plus en plus immatérielle.




Quelle est la place d’une ruralité sans paysans, d’une agriculture sans agriculteurs ? Quelles sont les nouvelles solidarités ?

Nous allons devoir faire face à des bouleversements complets de la société : c’est évidemment dans l’immédiat la crise financière, mais c’est aussi le basculement démographique qui va complètement changer le rapport entre personnes âgées et personnes jeunes, c’est aussi le défi alimentaire sur lequel nous reviendrons, les bouleversements de caractères idéologiques, car plus l’avenir est incertain, plus les tentations sont fortes de se réfugier dans des intégrismes protecteurs et dans des oppositions de pensées.

Paradoxalement, au moment où nous n’avons jamais eu accès à autant de connaissances, il n’y a jamais eu autant d’incertitudes par rapport à l’avenir et autant de résistances par rapport au progrès. Les réflexes des peuples n’étant pas toujours salutaires, nous pourrions constater des replis identitaires, des replis idéologiques, des replis territoriaux complètement suicidaires, soutenus par des votes démocratiques. Il est vrai que ce sont des réflexes de survie, mais la notion de survie peut quelquefois faire en sorte que celui qui est en train de se noyer frappe celui qui est en train de le sauver.

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L’agriculture, le renversement anthropologique

2012



Dans cet article, l’auteur propose un examen synthétique de la place du monde agricole et rurale dans la société française. Il pointe aussi un paradoxe du regard sur l’agriculture contemporaine : « alors que le secteur d’activité le plus ancien devait être réduit à l’essentiel et se faire oublier, il devient au contraire le symbole de l’altérité à retrouver ».




La distinction est apparemment simple ; le sol renvoie à la nature, la civilisation à la culture. Sauf que dans l’histoire de l’humanité, le sol a aussi toujours été une culture et finalement une civilisation. Et le paradoxe est que le XXIème siècle verra le grand retour de la civilisation du sol et de toutes les cultures qui y sont liées, par opposition au modèle urbain du XXème siècle. Non seulement parce que le déséquilibre ville-campagne est disproportionné et qu’il faudra bien le rééquilibrer au profit des campagnes, mais aussi parce que la population de 8 à 10 milliards d’individus obligera à revaloriser dans un monde ouvert et tout petit l’importance de l’agriculture et de la nature comme dimension économique, anthropologique et culturelle. C’est cela le grand renversement anthropologique : la question du sol, de l’agriculture, de la nature, est la nouvelle frontière de la civilisation technique des systèmes d’information triomphants.
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Pourquoi les jeunes désertent-ils ?

1996



Dans cet article, l’auteur partage sa préoccupation vis-à-vis du phénomène de désertion des territoires ruraux par les jeunes. Si l’un des enjeux est de mieux accompagner leur insertion professionnelle, la situation nécessite aussi de mieux comprendre pourquoi les jeunes désertent.




Implantée en région Aquitaine, la Mission Locale du Pays Villeneuvois s’adresse aux jeunes de l’arrondissement de Villeneuve-sur-Lot situé au nord-est du département du Lot-et-Garonne. [Elle] a accompagné, au cours de l’année 1995, plus de 1500 jeunes. [Cet accompagnement] comprend un important travail de fond sur l’orientation et la construction d’un projet professionnel. La principale difficulté que nous affrontons est l’absence de motivation réelle des jeunes qui leur permettrait de se propulser vers la vie active, vers un projet de vie.
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Quelle place pour les territoires ruraux ?

2003



Dans cet article, l’auteur propose une grille de lecture pour guider l’évolution de la place des territoires ruraux dans les équilibres de société. Pour répondre pleinement à leurs trois fonctions économique, naturel et résidentielle, il s’agit d’accompagner l’évolution des relations ville-campagne mais aussi l’organisation des territoires ruraux eux-mêmes, en particulier au niveau de la commune et des pays.




Les ruraux ont besoin d’un message […] fort, clair et cohérent pour se situer dans un monde qui se cherche de nouveaux modes de vivre ensemble. L’avenir des territoires ruraux dépend de l’articulation qui sera trouvée entre les trois fonctions principales que la société du XXIe siècle attend de ses campagnes :

  • un espace économique à valoriser,

  • un espace naturel à protéger,

  • un espace résidentiel à aménager.

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L’innovation territoriale de la SICASELI

2009



Dans cet interview, l’auteur éclaire sa conception de l’innovation sur le territoire de la coopérative SICASELI, le Ségala-Limargue, et détaille sa façon de la conduire et de l’accompagner, tant sur le plan technique qu’organisationnel.




L’innovation est l’issue économique d’une idée nouvelle. Elle se distingue d’une invention par le fait que l’idée a trouvé son public dans la mesure où celui-ci s’en est emparé. L’innovation implique une certaine créativité et le risque qui lui est inhérent. Innover, c’est trouver une vraie capacité à être créatif et à travailler ensemble. Les innovations doivent être au cœur des entreprises telles que les coopératives. L’innovation, à l’heure où les entreprises et les profits s’individualisent, c’est justement de pouvoir compter sur la solidarité et la mutualisation.
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La commune est une idée neuve qui s’invente tous les jours à Larrazet, en Tarn et Garonne

1999



Dans cet article, l’auteur témoigne de l’expérience et des initiatives de la commune de Larrazet qui entretiennent au quotidien et dans la durée la responsabilité et l’implication des hommes dans la vie et l’identité culturelle de cette commune du Lot et Garonne.




La commune est la cellule de base de la démocratie car elle contient le principe de responsabilité et d’implication des hommes. Chacune est une structure sociale unique, et non pas un simple territoire, car travaillée par les hommes et l’histoire. C’est la première société complète à portée de main, une parcelle d’humanité qui s’inscrit dans les têtes et dans les cœurs.

Mais la commune vit un séisme d’une telle amplitude que d’aucuns en viennent à douter de sa légitimité dans ce monde virtuel qui semble balayer toutes les altérités.

Il n’y a pas si longtemps, l’identité et l’appartenance ne faisaient qu’un. Le sentiment communautaire était le moteur de l’identité : on participait à une activité, on se sentait concerné par le simple fait d’être de Larrazet.

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Un développement durable au service des montagnards

2001



Dans cet exposé, l’auteur détaille les fondements et origines de la création de l’Association des populations des montagnes du monde et l’intérêt de cette initiative pour alimenter les réflexions mondiales sur le développement durable et en relever les défis. Il s’agit avant tout de maintenir des hommes dans ces espaces montagnards, notamment pour préserver les équilibres naturels de ces territoires, mais aussi pour aider la société et chacun de nous à repenser son rapport à la nature, à son milieu et au monde.




Je suis impliqué avec [Pierre Rémy de l’Association nationale des élus de montagne] dans une aventure qui est en train de se développer. […] Depuis l’année 2000, où s’est tenu le forum mondial de la montagne organisé à l’initiative de l’ANEM et de la ville de Chambéry, une Association des Populations des Montagnes du Monde a été créée, dont les activités vont se développer dans les prochaines années.

L’année 2002 est l’année internationale de la montagne, et aussi l’année bilan du « développement durable » issu de la déclaration de Rio qui avait été un point fort des politiques internationales survenues dans les années 90. La montagne a été l’un des sujets de discussion de la conférence, mais les conditions de vie des populations ont été occultées.

Pourtant les montagnards ont en eux la dimension très forte de cette relation au territoire et sont donc très sensibles à toutes les questions d’aménagement du territoire qui les concernent particulièrement. Alors, pourquoi ce terme « développement durable » dans le vocabulaire des montagnards et pourquoi doivent-ils s’y confronter et se l’approprier ?

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