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Pour une gestion en bien commun du territoire du Haut-Béarn

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Pour une gestion en bien commun du territoire du Haut-Béarn

2004



Dans cet article, l’auteur présente le territoire de l’Institution Patrimoniale du Haut-Béarn, le « pays des hommes et des ours », et rappelle les les origines, les objectifs, et les missions de cette instance : « se concerter, décider et agir ensemble, pour faire en sorte que chacun retrouve sa place, sa dignité, et que sa parole serve au bien commun pour tout le territoire ».


12 - Sur la notion de développement intégré, 3 - Le territoire comme espace pour faire ensemble, 5 - Le territoire et ses acteurs, Base documentaire, HERVE Didier


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Au pays des hommes et des ours

Le territoire de l’Institution Patrimoniale du Haut-Béarn se situe dans le vaste ensemble pyrénéen, plus précisément dans les Pyrénées-Atlantiques, autour de trois vallées d’altitude : à l’est la Vallée d’Ossau qui débouche sur l’Espagne par le col du Pourtalet, la vallée d’Aspe par le tunnel du Somport, et la vallée du Barétous qui débouche sur l’Espagne par le col de la Pierre Saint-Martin. Il est composé de 20 communes toutes signataires de la « Charte de développement durable des vallées béarnaises et de protection de l’ours ». Un territoire de 6600 habitants pour une superficie de 100000 hectares. Le Parc National, réparti sur le département des Hautes-Pyrénées (2/3) et les vallées du Haut-Béarn (1/3), couvre 15 % de ce territoire.

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,

« Projet de territoire » : définition de termes

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« Projet de territoire » : définition de termes

2002



Dans cet encart, l’auteur éclaire la distinction entre trois expressions courantes pour évoquer le territoire : projet de territoire, territoire de projets, territoire de programmation.


2 - Concepts, outils, méthodes et disciplines pour approcher la notion de territoire, Base documentaire, CASPAR René


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Le projet de territoire est la manière actuelle (loi Voynet) de présenter la nécessité d’une réflexion stratégique cadrant et dynamisant les projets professionnels.

Ces projets s’exercent sur des territoires (territoire de projets) qui ne coïncident pas avec ce projet de territoire, d’où l’idée de « géométrie variable » car la vie économique ne coïncide ni avec la dimension sociologique, ni avec la dimension administrative.

La programmation introduit une complication supplémentaire en générant des cloisonnements administratifs, sectoriels, financiers (territoire de programmation).

Ainsi, un dossier de développement des Pyrénées Atlantiques concernera un projet de territoire (par exemple La Soûle) mais aussi un territoire de projet interdépartemental et transvalléen (les Pyrénées Centrales) et des clivages liés à la programmation sectorielle (par exemple l’agriculture), à l’aspect administratif (par exemple le canton) et à la ligne budgétaire (tel type de crédit).

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, , ,

Le développement territorial : petite ou grande histoire ?

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Le développement territorial : petite ou grande histoire ?

2002



Dans cet article, l’auteur revient sur l’émergence et l’affirmation du concept de développement territorial depuis le milieu du XXème siècle. De l’aménagement du territoire, au développement territorial en passant par l’action locale, il souligne les acquis successifs qui permettent de mieux préciser les enjeux et les défis à relever en ce début de XXIème siècle.


12 - Sur la notion de développement intégré, 2 - Concepts, outils, méthodes et disciplines pour approcher la notion de territoire, 4 - Le territoire comme objet… d’aménagement, de politique, de financement, de recherche, Base documentaire, CASPAR René


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Aménagement et développement local, une histoire dominée par les changements structurels de la France et de l’Europe.

Première partie : De la reconstruction à l’écroulement de l’économie traditionnelle

Cette phase peut se scinder en trois périodes. De 1947 à 1968, […] le développement territorial n’existe pas, le rural hors agricole est l’espace restant et l’agriculture devient le pilier des exportations. De 1968 à 1975, […] émerge une forte résistance du monde rural et une montée des problèmes des problèmes urbains (chômage, choc pétrolier, contrat de pays, conservatoire du littoral). De 1975 à 1981, […] la montée des terroirs apparait sous cet aspect autant comme un refuge que comme une véritable alternative.

Deuxième partie: Les territoires à l’épreuve des problèmes économiques (de 1981 à 2000).

De 1981 à 1987, […] le projet de territoire s’efface derrière les territoires de projet et le local doit gérer socialement la déprise économique et humaine. De 987 à 1995, […] le « local » se cherche avec l’atténuation du clivage urbain/rural. De 1995 à aujourd’hui, […] le pays devient un échelon reconnu de concertation et d’émergence confronté à l’organisation d’un pouvoir intercommunal naissant.

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, ,

L’audit patrimonial

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L’audit patrimonial

1996



Présentation succincte de la démarche d’audit patrimonial


12 - Sur la notion de développement intégré, 2 - Concepts, outils, méthodes et disciplines pour approcher la notion de territoire, Base documentaire, LACOMBE Raymond


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L’audit patrimonial appliqué au développement rural est un outil qui permet une approche « clinique » de la prise en charge d’un territoire par ses habitants. La notion de patrimoine est ici prise au sens large.

L’audit patrimonial est une démarche de diagnostic et de prospective réalisée en commun par tous les acteurs concernés par un problème. En effet, il permet d’établir une communication entre toutes les personnes directement ou indirectement impliquées pour faire ensemble le diagnostic et l’expertise de la qualité de leur milieu de vie, au cours d’entretiens reposant sur une grille d’analyse comportant quatre registres :

  • Identification des problèmes : quel(s) problème(s) ? quels acteurs concernés ?

  • Diagnostic de l’action engagée : quels sont les acteurs engagés dans la résolution du problème ? quelles réponses ont jusque là été apportées ? quel bilan provisoire peut-on dresser ?

  • Prospective et enjeux : évolution des problèmes et des réponses, dans le temps et dans l’espace, établissement de trois scénarii (positif, tendanciel, négatif).

  • propositions d’Action : propositions techniques et relationnelles, chemins de changement envisageables, engagement de chacun ?

L’évaluation de l’audit patrimonial se mesure à l’engagement qu’il a suscité chez les personnes qui ont été auditées.

L’audit patrimonial réalisé en Ségala Limargue a bénéficié du concours des étudiants de l’Agro Paris-Grignon (AgroParisTech) et de Sol et Civilisation, très intéressée par la découverte et l’expérimentation de cette démarche novatrice.

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, , , ,

L’audit patrimonial, un nouvel outil au service du développement local

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L’audit patrimonial, un nouvel outil au service du développement local

1996



Dans cet article, l’auteur raconte l’histoire d’un petit terroir déshérité du Lot qui se découvre une identité positive et dont la population se reprend à croire en elle-même…


12 - Sur la notion de développement intégré, 2 - Concepts, outils, méthodes et disciplines pour approcher la notion de territoire, 3 - Le territoire comme espace pour faire ensemble, 6 - La spécificité rurale, Base documentaire, OLIVIER Dominique


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L’assemblée générale de l’Association Ségala Limargue (ASL) se déroule comme à son habitude. Une vingtaine d’élus sont présents, ainsi qu’une dizaine de « bonnes volontés ». Tout se passe bien : les activités se sont maintenues, les comptes sont équilibrés. Pourquoi donc l’ambiance est-elle si morose ?

L’ASL est une association de pays regroupant 41 communes et qui œuvre depuis déjà 12 ans pour le développement de son territoire. Elle mène des actions d’ordre économique, culturel et social. Elle a d’ailleurs le statut de centre social. Quelle longue route ! Que de batailles ! Que de dossiers (contrat de pays, charte intercommunale, etc.) ! Que de satisfactions aussi ! Alors pourquoi donc l’ambiance est-elle morose ?

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, , ,

La commune est une idée neuve qui s’invente tous les jours à Larrazet, en Tarn et Garonne

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La commune est une idée neuve qui s’invente tous les jours à Larrazet, en Tarn et Garonne

1999



Dans cet article, l’auteur témoigne de l’expérience et des initiatives de la commune de Larrazet qui entretiennent au quotidien et dans la durée la responsabilité et l’implication des hommes dans la vie et l’identité culturelle de cette commune du Lot et Garonne.


3 - Le territoire comme espace pour faire ensemble, 5 - Le territoire et ses acteurs, 8 - Sur les questions de développement humain et culturel, Base documentaire, DAZIRON Alain


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La commune est la cellule de base de la démocratie car elle contient le principe de responsabilité et d’implication des hommes. Chacune est une structure sociale unique, et non pas un simple territoire, car travaillée par les hommes et l’histoire. C’est la première société complète à portée de main, une parcelle d’humanité qui s’inscrit dans les têtes et dans les cœurs.

Mais la commune vit un séisme d’une telle amplitude que d’aucuns en viennent à douter de sa légitimité dans ce monde virtuel qui semble balayer toutes les altérités.

Il n’y a pas si longtemps, l’identité et l’appartenance ne faisaient qu’un. Le sentiment communautaire était le moteur de l’identité : on participait à une activité, on se sentait concerné par le simple fait d’être de Larrazet.

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, ,

Des démarches de gestion en commun pour une démocratie réelle et vivante

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Des démarches de gestion en commun pour une démocratie réelle et vivante

1999



Dans cet éditorial, l’auteur propose de remettre le lien entre les hommes au cœur du projet de société, d’où l’importance de replacer les hommes, citoyens, élus ou chefs d’entreprise, en condition d’exercer leurs responsabilités vis-à-vis de la communauté…


12 - Sur la notion de développement intégré, 5 - Le territoire et ses acteurs, Base documentaire, LACOMBE Raymond


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La France va mieux nous disent les médias : le moral des ménages et leur tendance à consommer sont en hausse ! Mais, sur une part croissante du territoire, l’insécurité se développe, le nombre de suicides de jeunes ne cesse d’augmenter, le cortège des exclus économiques, des exclus scolaires grossit. Les actes de violence se multiplient, tout comme les procès en tout genre et à tout propos qui font de tout détenteur d’une parcelle de responsabilité un coupable potentiel de n’importe quel incident.

Sommes-nous vraiment incapables de prendre conscience que notre société évolue vers une forme déjà connue pour avoir généré ailleurs ce type de symptômes ? Est-ce vraiment cela que nous voulons ou ne sommes-nous capables que de la subir ?

Tout concourt à rompre les liens directs entre les hommes et c’est là la source du mal : les familles sont éparpillées, l’extrême spécialisation et donc le fractionnement caractérisent les activités professionnelles, le poids croissant des procédures cantonne les acteurs des territoires dans une dépendance vis à vis d’en hautes. La rationalité administrative se substitue partout au bon sens et à l’expérience de vie des hommes. La mort annoncée des communes n’en est-elle pas une illustration patente ? Comment oser parler de démocratie lorsqu’on en supprime la forme d’expression la plus basique et que se dilue la responsabilité des individus vis-à-vis de la communauté ? Aurait-on oublié que toute personne doit pouvoir s’assumer personnellement et se responsabiliser pour vivre en société ?

Il nous paraît essentiel de mettre en évidence qu’il n’y a pas de fatalité, qu’il y a aussi d’autres voies que celle des solutions techniques à des problèmes qui ne le sont pas.

Ce numéro 11 de la Lettre vous présente des démarches qui visent à replacer les hommes, en tant que citoyens, élus ou chefs d’entreprise, en condition d’exercer leurs responsabilités vis à vis de la communauté ; en se mettant en position de négocier et de construire ensemble leur avenir, ils réussissent ce que ni chacun, ni l’Etat ne peut réaliser seul.

Je suis certain que c’est en facilitant ces démarches de gestion en bien commun, en libérant les énergies des hommes, que la facture sociale que tous déplorent sans jamais imaginer une autre solution que technique, se résorbera. C’est ainsi que nous recréerons les bases d’une démocratie réelle et vivante dans notre pays.

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, ,

Sol et Civilisation, des lieux de réflexion à la fois sociologique, économique et politique

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Sol et Civilisation, des lieux de réflexion à la fois sociologique, économique et politique

1996



Dans cet éditorial, l’auteur expose les fondements qui le conduisent à proposer de faire de l’association Sol et Civilisation un espace d’interrogation, de réflexion et de débat sur les équilibres d’une société française en crise. En crise au sein du monde rural. En crise au sein du monde urbain. En crise dans la rupture du dialogue et de la connaissance entre les milieux urbains et ruraux…


12 - Sur la notion de développement intégré, 2 - Concepts, outils, méthodes et disciplines pour approcher la notion de territoire, Base documentaire, LACOMBE Raymond


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La société française, comme beaucoup de sociétés industrialisées, vit sous le signe d’une triple rupture : rupture interne du milieu rural avec des zones équilibrées économiquement et socialement et d’autres, nombreuses, en voie de dépérissement, rupture interne du milieu urbain matérialisée par l’éclatement entre les centres-villes et les banlieues qui deviennent souvent des ghettos d’exclusion, et rupture du dialogue et de la connaissance entre milieux ruraux et milieux urbains.

Pour redonner chance à la société française, il faut une forte volonté de rééquilibrage pour effacer ces trois ruptures et favoriser une harmonie entre tous les territoires et entre tous les hommes. Cessons de penser qu’il y a opposition entre les milieux ruraux et les milieux urbains. Chacun a sa mission. Le territoire est un tout et c’est en tant que tel que nous devons réapprendre à le gérer. Milieux ruraux et milieux urbains doivent se nourrir les uns des autres, par un dialogue constructif. Nous devons à tout prix empêcher la disparation du dialogue économique et culturel entre ces deux pans de notre territoire.

La France a la chance d’avoir, contrairement à beaucoup d’autres pays européens, un immense espace rural. Il est absurde de vouloir concentrer les activités et les hommes sur quelques super-métropoles qui coûtent des sommes colossales en infrastructures diverses, sans compter les inconvénients multiples sur le plan humain, social et culturel.

L’avenir de la société dépend de la participation de chacun et de tous à son élaboration. Chacun doit avoir sa place dans le débat. Nous devons trouver les moyens pour que l’expression des hommes, de leurs volontés refasse surface. La place de l’homme, de sa responsabilité, de son rôle social et convivial doit revenir au centre du débat.

C’est sur ces bases qu’une réflexion de fond à la fois sociologique, économique et politique est engagée au sein de l’association Sol et Civilisation depuis 4 ans. Des groupes de réflexion réunissent des personnes de différents horizons socioprofessionnels, de tous bords politiques, urbains et ruraux. Leur objectif est de redonner à l’homme sa place dans nos sociétés. Leurs propositions sont réalistes puisque passées au crible de la réalité, des expérimenterons de terrain.

Sol et Civilisation s’est également fixé comme objet d’interroger l’opinion publique, les socioprofessionnels et les décideurs politiques. Je forme le voeu que cette lettre de Sol et Civilisation dont voici le premier numéro, soit le lieu de cette interrogation, mais aussi un lieu de débat. Aussi, nous vous engageons à nous faire part de vos réactions, de vos idées, de vos expériences.

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, , , ,

Discours du Dimanche des Terres de France

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Discours du Dimanche des Terres de France

1991



Dans ce discours de clôture du Dimanche des Terres de France, l’auteur expose les fondements de la vision qu’il souhaite porter à travers la promotion du développement des territoires ruraux, en particulier en créant par la suite l’association Sol et Civilisation.


11 - Sur la prise en charge des équilibres naturels, 12 - Sur la notion de développement intégré, 3 - Le territoire comme espace pour faire ensemble, 6 - La spécificité rurale, Base documentaire, LACOMBE Raymond


Télécharger

Aujourd’hui toute la France rurale s’est mise en marche !

Nous avons gagné notre pari !

Artisans, commerçants, salariés, professions libérales, agriculteurs, vous avez quitté vos ateliers, vos magasins, vos fermes, vous avez répondu massivement à notre appel.

Vous êtes venus à la rencontre de la population parisienne pour lui dire que la France rurale veut vivre, que ses hommes et ses valeurs sont indispensables à l’équilibre économique et social de la France. Vous avez expliqué aux citadins que cette nature harmonieuse et accueillante dont ils ont de plus en plus besoin n’est pas un don du ciel, mais le fruit du labeur quotidien des hommes. Vous avez ébranlé les murailles du mépris et de l’indifférence qui laissent mourir nos entreprises et dépérir des zones entières de notre pays. Vous êtes venus à ce rendez-vous historique des Terres de France : grâce à vous le grain de l’espérance a pu être semé !

Le monde rural veut vivre !

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, ,

Le parc naturel régional de la Chartreuse : une machine à créer du dessein commun

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Le parc naturel régional de la Chartreuse : une machine à créer du dessein commun

2000



Dans cet article, l’auteur livre son retour d’expérience sur la création et les premières années du parc naturel régional de Chartreuse (freins et leviers identifiés, choix d’organisation, outils mis en œuvre, premiers bilans) et soulignent quelques enseignements aux acteurs qui souhaitent porter ce type d’initiative.


3 - Le territoire comme espace pour faire ensemble, 5 - Le territoire et ses acteurs, BAFFERT Pierre, Base documentaire


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Un Parc naturel régional (PNR) est un territoire habité, remarquable par sa culture, son patrimoine. Il est justiciable d’une Charte qui définit le projet de développement du territoire et sa stratégie. Le PNR de Chartreuse se trouve entre Grenoble au sud, Chambéry au nord et Voiron à l’ouest : les trois portes du Parc. C’est un territoire de moyenne montagne et de vallées où vivent 35000 personnes.

En Chartreuse, l’idée du Parc n’est pas née de la réflexion des élus, des responsables ou des acteurs du territoire. Au cours d’une réunion électorale des législatives de 1988, à la question « que faire de la Chartreuse ? », la réponse suivante a été apportée : « pourquoi pas un Parc ? ». […] Aujourd’hui, le Parc représente la Chartreuse. C’est une entité qui rassemble des gens qui ne se connaissaient pas du fait même de la géographie très accidentée du territoire. Pierre Baffert est persuadé que la stratégie choisie était la bonne. En effet, voilà 30 ans qu’il est élu, dont 18 ans en tant que maire. Il déplore souvent que la bulle des élus et la bulle des acteurs ne soient hermétiques. Pour lui, les politiques doivent se placer en facilitateurs des projets des acteurs qui ont un rôle énorme à jouer. « La vie est complexe. Il faut faire tourner la complexité » conclut-il.

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